Struct bones_framework::lib::ecs::atomic::AtomicCell

pub struct AtomicCell<T>
where T: ?Sized,
{ /* private fields */ }
Expand description

A mutable memory location with dynamically checked borrow rules This type behaves mostly like core::cell::RefCell. The main difference is that this type uses atomic operations for borrowing. Thus allowing to use it in multi-threaded environment.

AtomicCell<T> implements Send if T: Send. AtomicCell<T> implements Sync if T: Send + Sync.

Implementations§

§

impl<T> AtomicCell<T>

pub const fn new(value: T) -> AtomicCell<T>

Creates a new AtomicCell containing value.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let cell = AtomicCell::new(5);

pub fn into_inner(self) -> T

Consumes the AtomicCell, returning the wrapped value.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);

let five = c.into_inner();

pub fn replace(&self, t: T) -> T

Replaces the wrapped value with a new one, returning the old value, without deinitializing either one.

This function corresponds to core::mem::replace.

§Panics

Panics if the value is currently borrowed.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;
let cell = AtomicCell::new(5);
let old_value = cell.replace(6);
assert_eq!(old_value, 5);
assert_eq!(cell, AtomicCell::new(6));

pub fn replace_with<F>(&self, f: F) -> T
where F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> T,

Replaces the wrapped value with a new one computed from f, returning the old value, without deinitializing either one.

§Panics

Panics if the value is currently borrowed.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;
let cell = AtomicCell::new(5);
let old_value = cell.replace_with(|&mut old| old + 1);
assert_eq!(old_value, 5);
assert_eq!(cell, AtomicCell::new(6));

pub fn swap(&self, other: &AtomicCell<T>)

Swaps the wrapped value of self with the wrapped value of other, without deinitializing either one.

This function corresponds to core::mem::swap.

§Panics

Panics if the value in either AtomicCell is currently borrowed.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;
let c = AtomicCell::new(5);
let d = AtomicCell::new(6);
c.swap(&d);
assert_eq!(c, AtomicCell::new(6));
assert_eq!(d, AtomicCell::new(5));
§

impl<T> AtomicCell<T>
where T: ?Sized,

pub fn try_borrow(&self) -> Option<Ref<'_, T>>

Immutably borrows the wrapped value, returning None if the value is currently mutably borrowed.

The borrow lasts until the returned Ref, all Refs derived from it and all its clones exit scope.

Multiple immutable borrows can be taken out at the same time.

This is the non-panicking variant of borrow.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;
let c = AtomicCell::new(5);

{
    let m = c.borrow_mut();
    assert!(c.try_borrow().is_none());
}

{
    let m = c.borrow();
    assert!(c.try_borrow().is_some());
}

pub fn borrow(&self) -> Ref<'_, T>

Immutably borrows the wrapped value.

The borrow lasts until the returned Ref, all Refs derived from it and all its clones exit scope.

Multiple immutable borrows can be taken out at the same time.

§Panics

Panics if the value is currently mutably borrowed. For a non-panicking variant, use try_borrow.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);

let borrowed_five = c.borrow();
let borrowed_five2 = c.borrow();

An example of panic:

use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);

let m = c.borrow_mut();
let b = c.borrow(); // this causes a panic

pub fn try_borrow_mut(&self) -> Option<RefMut<'_, T>>

Mutably borrows the wrapped value, returning an error if the value is currently borrowed.

The borrow lasts until the returned RefMut or all RefMuts derived from it exit scope.

The value cannot be borrowed while this borrow is active.

This is the non-panicking variant of borrow_mut.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);

{
    let m = c.borrow();
    assert!(c.try_borrow_mut().is_none());
}

assert!(c.try_borrow_mut().is_some());

pub fn borrow_mut(&self) -> RefMut<'_, T>

Mutably borrows the wrapped value.

The borrow lasts until the returned RefMut or all RefMuts derived from it exit scope.

The value cannot be borrowed while this borrow is active.

§Panics

Panics if the value is currently borrowed. For a non-panicking variant, use try_borrow_mut.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new("hello".to_owned());

*c.borrow_mut() = "bonjour".to_owned();

assert_eq!(&*c.borrow(), "bonjour");

An example of panic:

use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);
let m = c.borrow();

let b = c.borrow_mut(); // this causes a panic

pub const fn as_ptr(&self) -> *mut T

Returns a raw pointer to the underlying data in this cell.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);

let ptr = c.as_ptr();

pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Returns a mutable reference to the underlying data.

This call borrows AtomicCell mutably (at compile-time) so there is no need for dynamic checks.

However be cautious: this method expects self to be mutable, which is generally not the case when using a AtomicCell. Take a look at the borrow_mut method instead if self isn’t mutable.

Also, please be aware that this method is only for special circumstances and is usually not what you want. In case of doubt, use borrow_mut instead.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let mut c = AtomicCell::new(5);
*c.get_mut() += 1;

assert_eq!(c, AtomicCell::new(6));

pub fn undo_leak(&mut self) -> &mut T

Undo the effect of leaked guards on the borrow state of the AtomicCell.

This call is similar to get_mut but more specialized. It borrows AtomicCell mutably to ensure no borrows exist and then resets the state tracking shared borrows. This is relevant if some Ref or RefMut borrows have been leaked.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let mut c = AtomicCell::new(0);
core::mem::forget(c.borrow_mut());

assert!(c.try_borrow().is_none());
c.undo_leak();
assert!(c.try_borrow().is_some());

pub unsafe fn try_borrow_unguarded(&self) -> Option<&T>

Immutably borrows the wrapped value, returning None if the value is currently mutably borrowed.

§Safety

Unlike borrow, this method is unsafe because it does not return a Ref, thus leaving the borrow flag untouched.

Mutably borrowing the AtomicCell while the reference returned by this method is alive is undefined behaviour.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);

{
    assert!(unsafe { c.try_borrow_unguarded() }.is_some());
    let m = c.borrow_mut();
    assert!(unsafe { c.try_borrow_unguarded() }.is_none());
}

{
    let m = c.borrow();
    assert!(unsafe { c.try_borrow_unguarded() }.is_some());
}

pub unsafe fn try_borrow_unguarded_mut(&self) -> Option<&mut T>

Mutably borrows the wrapped value, returning None if the value is currently mutably borrowed.

§Safety

Unlike borrow_mut, this method is unsafe because it does not return a Ref, and leaves the borrow flag untouched.

Borrowing the AtomicCell while the reference returned by this method is alive is undefined behaviour.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);

{
    assert!(unsafe { c.try_borrow_unguarded_mut() }.is_some());
    let m = c.borrow();
    assert!(unsafe { c.try_borrow_unguarded_mut() }.is_none());
}
§

impl<T> AtomicCell<T>
where T: Default,

pub fn take(&self) -> T

Takes the wrapped value, leaving Default::default() in its place.

§Panics

Panics if the value is currently borrowed.

§Examples
use atomicell::AtomicCell;

let c = AtomicCell::new(5);
let five = c.take();

assert_eq!(five, 5);
assert_eq!(c.into_inner(), 0);

Trait Implementations§

§

impl<T> Clone for AtomicCell<T>
where T: Clone,

§

fn clone(&self) -> AtomicCell<T>

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
§

fn clone_from(&mut self, other: &AtomicCell<T>)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
§

impl<T> Debug for AtomicCell<T>
where T: Debug,

§

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
§

impl<T> Display for AtomicCell<T>
where T: Display,

§

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
§

impl<T> From<T> for AtomicCell<T>

§

fn from(t: T) -> AtomicCell<T>

Converts to this type from the input type.
§

impl<T> Ord for AtomicCell<T>
where T: Ord,

§

fn cmp(&self, other: &AtomicCell<T>) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values. Read more
1.50.0 · source§

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized + PartialOrd,

Restrict a value to a certain interval. Read more
§

impl<T, U> PartialEq<AtomicCell<U>> for AtomicCell<T>
where T: PartialEq<U>,

§

fn eq(&self, other: &AtomicCell<U>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
1.0.0 · source§

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
§

impl<T, U> PartialOrd<AtomicCell<U>> for AtomicCell<T>
where T: PartialOrd<U>,

§

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &AtomicCell<U>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. Read more
§

impl<T> Eq for AtomicCell<T>
where T: Eq,

§

impl<T> Send for AtomicCell<T>
where T: Send,

AtomicCell can be sent to another thread if value can be sent. Sending can occur on owned cell or mutable reference to it. Either way it is not borrowed, so it is impossible to share stored value this way.

§

impl<T> Sync for AtomicCell<T>
where T: Send + Sync,

AtomicCell can be shared across threads if value can be sent and shared. Requires T: Send because mutable borrow can occur in another thread. Requires T: Sync because immutable borrows could occur concurrently in different threads.

Auto Trait Implementations§

§

impl<T> !Freeze for AtomicCell<T>

§

impl<T> !RefUnwindSafe for AtomicCell<T>

§

impl<T> Unpin for AtomicCell<T>
where T: Unpin + ?Sized,

§

impl<T> UnwindSafe for AtomicCell<T>
where T: UnwindSafe + ?Sized,

Blanket Implementations§

source§

impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

source§

fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
§

impl<T> AnyEq for T
where T: Any + PartialEq,

§

fn equals(&self, other: &(dyn Any + 'static)) -> bool

§

fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

§

impl<'a, T, E> AsTaggedExplicit<'a, E> for T
where T: 'a,

§

fn explicit(self, class: Class, tag: u32) -> TaggedParser<'a, Explicit, Self, E>

§

impl<'a, T, E> AsTaggedImplicit<'a, E> for T
where T: 'a,

§

fn implicit( self, class: Class, constructed: bool, tag: u32, ) -> TaggedParser<'a, Implicit, Self, E>

source§

impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

source§

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§

impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

source§

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§

impl<T> CloneToUninit for T
where T: Clone,

source§

default unsafe fn clone_to_uninit(&self, dst: *mut T)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (clone_to_uninit)
Performs copy-assignment from self to dst. Read more
§

impl<Q, K> Comparable<K> for Q
where Q: Ord + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

§

fn compare(&self, key: &K) -> Ordering

Compare self to key and return their ordering.
§

impl<T> Conv for T

§

fn conv<T>(self) -> T
where Self: Into<T>,

Converts self into T using Into<T>. Read more
source§

impl<T> DynClone for T
where T: Clone,

source§

fn __clone_box(&self, _: Private) -> *mut ()

§

impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

§

fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

§

impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

§

fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

Checks if this value is equivalent to the given key. Read more
§

impl<Q, K> Equivalent<K> for Q
where Q: Eq + ?Sized, K: Borrow<Q> + ?Sized,

§

fn equivalent(&self, key: &K) -> bool

Compare self to key and return true if they are equal.
§

impl<T> FmtForward for T

§

fn fmt_binary(self) -> FmtBinary<Self>
where Self: Binary,

Causes self to use its Binary implementation when Debug-formatted.
§

fn fmt_display(self) -> FmtDisplay<Self>
where Self: Display,

Causes self to use its Display implementation when Debug-formatted.
§

fn fmt_lower_exp(self) -> FmtLowerExp<Self>
where Self: LowerExp,

Causes self to use its LowerExp implementation when Debug-formatted.
§

fn fmt_lower_hex(self) -> FmtLowerHex<Self>
where Self: LowerHex,

Causes self to use its LowerHex implementation when Debug-formatted.
§

fn fmt_octal(self) -> FmtOctal<Self>
where Self: Octal,

Causes self to use its Octal implementation when Debug-formatted.
§

fn fmt_pointer(self) -> FmtPointer<Self>
where Self: Pointer,

Causes self to use its Pointer implementation when Debug-formatted.
§

fn fmt_upper_exp(self) -> FmtUpperExp<Self>
where Self: UpperExp,

Causes self to use its UpperExp implementation when Debug-formatted.
§

fn fmt_upper_hex(self) -> FmtUpperHex<Self>
where Self: UpperHex,

Causes self to use its UpperHex implementation when Debug-formatted.
§

fn fmt_list(self) -> FmtList<Self>
where &'a Self: for<'a> IntoIterator,

Formats each item in a sequence. Read more
source§

impl<T> From<!> for T

source§

fn from(t: !) -> T

Converts to this type from the input type.
source§

impl<T> From<T> for T

source§

fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

§

impl<S> FromSample<S> for S

§

fn from_sample_(s: S) -> S

§

impl<T> Instrument for T

§

fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided [Span], returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
§

fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
source§

impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

source§

fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

§

impl<T> IntoArcAny for T
where T: Send + Sync + 'static,

§

fn into_arc_any(self: Arc<T>) -> Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>

Casts Arc<Self> into Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>.
§

impl<F, T> IntoSample<T> for F
where T: FromSample<F>,

§

fn into_sample(self) -> T

§

impl<T> Pipe for T
where T: ?Sized,

§

fn pipe<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(Self) -> R) -> R
where Self: Sized,

Pipes by value. This is generally the method you want to use. Read more
§

fn pipe_ref<'a, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a Self) -> R) -> R
where R: 'a,

Borrows self and passes that borrow into the pipe function. Read more
§

fn pipe_ref_mut<'a, R>(&'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut Self) -> R) -> R
where R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self and passes that borrow into the pipe function. Read more
§

fn pipe_borrow<'a, B, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a B) -> R) -> R
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.borrow() into the pipe function. Read more
§

fn pipe_borrow_mut<'a, B, R>( &'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut B) -> R, ) -> R
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.borrow_mut() into the pipe function. Read more
§

fn pipe_as_ref<'a, U, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a U) -> R) -> R
where Self: AsRef<U>, U: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.as_ref() into the pipe function.
§

fn pipe_as_mut<'a, U, R>(&'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut U) -> R) -> R
where Self: AsMut<U>, U: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.as_mut() into the pipe function.
§

fn pipe_deref<'a, T, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a T) -> R) -> R
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.deref() into the pipe function.
§

fn pipe_deref_mut<'a, T, R>( &'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut T) -> R, ) -> R
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.deref_mut() into the pipe function.
source§

impl<T> RawClone for T
where T: Clone,

source§

unsafe fn raw_clone(src: *const c_void, dst: *mut c_void)

Write the default value of the type to the pointer. Read more
source§

fn raw_clone_cb() -> Unsafe<&'static (dyn Fn(*const c_void, *mut c_void) + Send + Sync)>

Get a callback suitable for [SchemaData].
source§

impl<T> RawDrop for T

source§

unsafe fn raw_drop(ptr: *mut c_void)

Write the default value of the type to the pointer. Read more
source§

fn raw_drop_cb() -> Unsafe<&'static (dyn Fn(*mut c_void) + Send + Sync)>

Get a callback suitable for [SchemaData].
source§

impl<T> RawEq for T
where T: Eq,

source§

unsafe fn raw_eq(a: *const c_void, b: *const c_void) -> bool

Get the hash of the type. Read more
source§

fn raw_eq_cb() -> Unsafe<&'static (dyn Fn(*const c_void, *const c_void) -> bool + Send + Sync)>

Get a callback suitable for [SchemaData].
source§

impl<T> Same for T

§

type Output = T

Should always be Self
§

impl<T> Tap for T

§

fn tap(self, func: impl FnOnce(&Self)) -> Self

Immutable access to a value. Read more
§

fn tap_mut(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self

Mutable access to a value. Read more
§

fn tap_borrow<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&B)) -> Self
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the Borrow<B> of a value. Read more
§

fn tap_borrow_mut<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut B)) -> Self
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the BorrowMut<B> of a value. Read more
§

fn tap_ref<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&R)) -> Self
where Self: AsRef<R>, R: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the AsRef<R> view of a value. Read more
§

fn tap_ref_mut<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut R)) -> Self
where Self: AsMut<R>, R: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the AsMut<R> view of a value. Read more
§

fn tap_deref<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&T)) -> Self
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the Deref::Target of a value. Read more
§

fn tap_deref_mut<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut T)) -> Self
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the Deref::Target of a value. Read more
§

fn tap_dbg(self, func: impl FnOnce(&Self)) -> Self

Calls .tap() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
§

fn tap_mut_dbg(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self

Calls .tap_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
§

fn tap_borrow_dbg<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&B)) -> Self
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_borrow() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
§

fn tap_borrow_mut_dbg<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut B)) -> Self
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_borrow_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
§

fn tap_ref_dbg<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&R)) -> Self
where Self: AsRef<R>, R: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_ref() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
§

fn tap_ref_mut_dbg<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut R)) -> Self
where Self: AsMut<R>, R: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_ref_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
§

fn tap_deref_dbg<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&T)) -> Self
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_deref() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
§

fn tap_deref_mut_dbg<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut T)) -> Self
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_deref_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
source§

impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

§

type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
source§

fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
source§

fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
§

impl<T, U> ToSample<U> for T
where U: FromSample<T>,

§

fn to_sample_(self) -> U

source§

impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

source§

default fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
§

impl<T> TryConv for T

§

fn try_conv<T>(self) -> Result<T, Self::Error>
where Self: TryInto<T>,

Attempts to convert self into T using TryInto<T>. Read more
source§

impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

§

type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§

fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
source§

impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

§

type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§

fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
§

impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T
where V: MultiLane<T>,

§

fn vzip(self) -> V

§

impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

§

fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self>
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
§

fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
§

impl<S, T> Duplex<S> for T
where T: FromSample<S> + ToSample<S>,

§

impl<T> SerializableAny for T
where T: 'static + Any + Clone + for<'a> Send + Sync,